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In the typical voltage-controlled
switching of liquid crystal displays and light valves the liquid crystal
is the dielectric in a transparent capacitor. Voltage is applied to the
capacitor and the resulting electric field on the liquid crystal reorients
the molecules and therefore the liquid crystal optic axis to change the
light transmission. LC MRC researchers in the Departments of Physics
and Chemistry of the University of Colorado have discovered a fundamentally
new mechanism for making such light valves [Materials Chemistry 9, 1257
(1999); Liquid. Crystals 27, 985 (2000); Physical Review Letters (submitted)].
The new method is based on the use of ferroelectric liquid crystals in
which molecular electric dipoles adopt long-range order to give a macroscopic
ferroelectric polarization tied to the molecular orientation. Electric
field then couples to the polarization to reorient the molecules. While
electric field coupling to the polarization to reorient the molecules
in FLCs has been known for some 25 years, it is only recently that behavior
in materials with very large polarization has begun to be explored. In
this regime the LC MRC research has shown that the polarization becomes
highly uniform and can completely screen any applied field within the
liquid crystal. The result is an electro-optic cell with perfect analog
response, highly desirable for making fast response gray-scale displays.
The figure shows measurements of the analog response of the transmission
of a polarization screened cell along with the transmission curve calculated
from the LC MRC model.
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